Impact of syringaldehyde on the growth of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and butanol production

While lignocellulosic biomass excels as a cheap, renewable resource for biofuel production, it does present some challenges such as generation of microbial inhibitory compounds. The mode of selective inhibition of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production (as opposed to cell growth) by syringaldehyde on Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 was examined. C. beijerinckii 8052 grown in syringaldehyde-supplemented P2 medium had a comparable growth rate (l = 0.34) at acidogenic growth phase to that of C. beijerinckii 8052 grown in control P2 medium (l = 0.30). The addition of syringaldehyde into P2 medium inhibited solvent production by C. beijerinckii 8052 and increased butyric and acetic acid accumulation in the fermentation broth. Analysis of coenzyme A transferase (CoAT) using cell-free extracts of C. beijerinckii 8052 showed decreased expression and activity in the presence of syringaldehyde. These results indicate that C. beijerinckii 8052 CoAT is negatively affected by syringaldehyde and thus, hampers the ability of the microorganism to metabolize butyric and acetic acid for ABE production as evidenced by the accumulation of butyric and acetic acid in the fermentation broth.